The best approach I have come across to manage multiple web projects is to use subdomains. Subdomains are pretty, clean and easy to manage. This how-to article is about my simple and effective method of hosting multiple web projects on nstation using subdomains. We will create two projects ‘foo’ and ‘bar’ with http://foo.nstation/ and http://bar.nstation/ as their URLs to explain the whole process. Please note that the technique described here is based on the Microsoft Windows platform. However, it is possible to do the same on other platforms with minor adjustments.

Prerequisites

• XAMPP or a compatible web server software
  More info: What is XAMPP, XAMPP FAQ
• Notepad or compatible text editor
  Hint: drag-and-drop a file onto a Notepad window to open the file.

Step 1 – create folders

Create the folder structure as shown below.

It doesn’t have to be the C: drive. But for simplicity it is always recommended that you create the Webroot folder in a drive root. Refrain from using path names with spaces like C:\Program Files\Webroot.

A short description on each folder is given below.

Webroot\projects

This folder contains individual project folders. In our case the two sub folders foo and bar reside here.

Webroot\public

This is where you put all the default stuff. For example, you can copy the Apache htdocs folder content here. This folder hosts the main site (http://nstation) content.

Webroot\xampp

Contains XAMPP files – Apache, PHP, MySql, phpMyAdmin, perl and other server related components are stored here.

Step 2 – install XAMPP

Install XAMPP on Webroot\xampp folder. I recommend you use the self-extracting 7-ZIP archive. Run the setup and chose C:\Webroot as the Extract to folder as it will anyway extract the content to a folder by the name xampp.

Run setup_xampp.bat to finish the setup process. You will get a console output similar to the following screenshot.

Press any key to finish the setup. To run the XAMPP Control Panel Application, double click xampp-control.exe. Click the start button in front of both Apache and MySql modules to start the server. Since we haven’t done any modifications yet, XAMPP runs on its default settings. See screenshot below.

Step 3 – configure Apache

Now we need to change the default Apache configuration to match the directory structure. Apache configuration is distributed among several text files. All of these files reside in the xampp\apache\conf folder. We need to edit two files: conf\httpd.conf and conf\extra\httpd-vhosts.conf.

Step 3.1 – edit httpd.conf

Go to xampp\apache\conf and open the httpd.conf file. Locate <Directory “C:/Webroot/xampp/htdocs”> and change it to <Directory “C:/Webroot/public”> . Scroll down a few lines and locate the closing directive </Directory> and add the following at a new line.

<Directory "C:/Webroot/projects">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

Step 3.2 – edit httpd-vhosts.conf

Go to xampp\apache\conf\extra and open the httpd-vhosts.conf file. Uncomment NameVirtualHost *:80 by removing all hash signs (#) at the beginning of the line. (By now you would have noticed that any line starting with a hash sign is indeed a comment.)

Add the following text at the end of the file on a new line.

# Default site: http://nstation
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "C:/Webroot/public"
ServerName nstation
ServerAlias nstation
</VirtualHost>

# Foo sub domain: http://foo.nstation
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName foo.nstation
DocumentRoot "C:/Webroot/projects/foo"
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html index.htm index.shtml
</VirtualHost>

# Bar sub domain: http://bar.nstation
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName bar.nstation
DocumentRoot "C:/Webroot/projects/bar"
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html index.htm index.shtml
</VirtualHost>

Step 4 – edit the hosts file

The host file is the system file that matches hostnames to IPs. This file resides in the system folder %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc and on most computers this would be C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc. Open the hosts file (yes, the file doesn’t have an extension) and add the following two lines to the end of the file at a new line.

127.0.0.1              foo.nstation
127.0.0.1              bar.nstation

This tells the system to direct requests for foo.nstation and bar.nstation to the IP address 127.0.0.1.

Step 5 – test the setup

Restart Apache and MySql by stopping and starting them using the XAMPP Control Panel. If you did not run these in step 2, just start both modules to see whether our configuration is in effect. If everything went accordingly, you should get the green Running status on both Apache and MySql.

Point your web browser to http://nstation to see the content served on Webroot\public folder. If you have nothing to start with, I suggest you copy everything in xampp\apache\htdocs folder to this location. You should get the XAMPP default web site with all the bells and whistles.

Put your Foo project files to Webroot\projects\foo folder and Bar project files to Webroot\projects\bar folders respectively. Point your browser to http://foo.nstation and http://bar.nstation to see them in action. Put the following code in an index.php file and save the file in both locations if you have nothing to start with.

<h1>Hello World</h1>
<p><?php echo "My location: " . dirname(__FILE__); ?></p>

You should get different location details depending on the URL.

Add more projects (optional)

Follow step 3.2 and step 4 to add more projects to your setup. Given below are the skeletons that can be used for this task.

Step 3.2 – httpd-vhosts.conf file entry

# vhost entry for new_project sub domain: http://new_project.nstation
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName new_project.nstation
DocumentRoot "C:/Webroot/projects/new_project"
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html index.htm index.shtml
</VirtualHost>

Step 4 – hosts file entry

127.0.0.1              new_project.nstation

Done

That’s it. It’s easier than you would’ve imagined it to be. Hope this article helps and makes your web development experience a fun.

Disclaimer: Cover photo courtesy Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the BPL.

1. Log on to your Gmail account.
2. An RSS icon appears on the address bar. (This screenshot is given in Mozilla Thunderbird)
   
3. Select ‘Add Gmail Atom Feed as Live Bookmark’ from the context menu.
   
4. Copy the URL from the address bar.
   
5. Go to your email client and subscribe to the URL copied in step 4.
   For Mozilla Thunderbird, right-click on News & Blogs and select ‘Subscribe’ from the context menu.
   
6. You will be prompted for the user name and password for your Gmail account.
7. That’s it! Now you are ready to receive new mail notifications via RSS.

Prerequisite

The prerequisite is Firefox. No need to install any fancy third-party plug-ins although there are many to automate this task. We’ll be using a great feature already built into Firefox called ‘View Selection Source’.

Step 1

Go to the Flickr page that has the photo you want. Usually it’s in the format http://flickr.com/photos/<user>/<photoid>/
Ex: http://flickr.com/photos/enteelk/629074618/

Step 2

Select the photo by clicking just out the left-side of the image and dragging your mouse to the right-side of the image and releasing.

Notice how the photo is now selected with the selection color overlay.

Step 3

Now right-click on the selection and select View Selection Source.

Step 4

A window with the title ‘Dom Source of Selection‘ will pop up with the selection source code.

Step 5

Select the source attribute text (img src="<text>") of the image tag without the ?v=0 portion which is the path to the photo.
(Ex: http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1405/629074618_20f6542a03.jpg)

Step 6

Copy and paste the text on the address field and press enter. Select Save As from the File menu or right-click on the picture to save it.

Done!

Please note that even if a photo is made public, you have to obtain license for commercial use. This post is about making your life easier and not about stealing other people’s intellectual property.